{"id":8259202,"date":"2016-01-10T20:55:59","date_gmt":"2016-01-10T19:55:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.blog.hu\/2016\/01\/10\/sinocyclocheilus"},"modified":"2016-01-10T20:55:59","modified_gmt":"2016-01-10T19:55:59","slug":"sinocyclocheilus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/?p=8259202","title":{"rendered":"A k\u00ednai vakm\u00e1rn\u00e1k evol\u00faci\u00f3ja"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/m.blog.hu\/cr\/criticalbiomass\/post-image\/2016\/01\/sinocyclochelius.jpg\" alt=\"sinocyclochelius.jpg\" class=\"imgright open-in-modal\" width=\"400\/\" \/>A barlangi \u00e9let k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6s alkalmazkod\u00e1sokat k\u00f6vetel meg azokt\u00f3l az \u00e9l\u0151l\u00e9nyekt\u0151l, akik a l\u00e9tnek ezt a s\u00f6t\u00e9t form\u00e1j\u00e1t v\u00e1lasztj\u00e1k. A j\u00f3form\u00e1n \u00f6r\u00f6k s\u00f6t\u00e9ts\u00e9gben f\u00f6l\u00f6slegess\u00e9 v\u00e1lik a felsz\u00ednen oly fontos l\u00e1t\u00e1s, l\u00e9nyegtelenn\u00e9 a b\u00e1rmilyenfajta mint\u00e1zat, m\u00e1s \u00e9rz\u00e9kek \u00e9s m\u00e1s jellegek v\u00e1lnak fontoss\u00e1 az \u00e9letbenmarad\u00e1s \u00e9s fajfenntart\u00e1s c\u00e9lj\u00e1b\u00f3l.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9s ami m\u00e1r b\u00fcntetlen\u00fcl elromolhat, az bizony el is romlik, \u00edgy azt\u00e1n azok a g\u00e9nek, amelyek pl. csak a szem kialak\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ban \u00e9s m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9ben, vagy a testtakar\u00f3 sz\u00ednezet\u00e9nek\u00a0l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1ban l\u00e1tnak el szerepet el\u0151bb-ut\u00f3bb olyan mut\u00e1ci\u00f3kat szednek \u00f6ssze, amely k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9sk\u00e9ptelenn\u00e9 v\u00e1lnak (pszeudog\u00e9nesednek), \u00e9s \u00edgy a sz\u00f3banforg\u00f3 sejtt\u00edpusok sem alakulnak ki.<\/p>\n<p>A folyamat egyik <a href=\"http:\/\/criticalbiomass.blog.hu\/2007\/02\/14\/szemtelenek_a_mexikoi_barlangi_vaklazac\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">poszter-faja a mexik\u00f3i vaklazac<\/a> (<em>Astyanax mexicanus<\/em>), ami a Yucat\u00e1n alatt tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 hatalmas barlangrendszerekben lelhet\u0151 fel, de persze messze nem ez az egyetlen ilyen \u00e9l\u0151l\u00e9ny. Most a vil\u00e1g egy m\u00e1sik r\u00e9sz\u00e9ben \u00e9l\u0151 vak halr\u00f3l tudhattunk meg t\u00f6bbet, a genomja seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Egy k\u00ednai csoport\u00a0<em><a href=\"http:\/\/bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12915-015-0223-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BMC Biology<\/a><\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12915-015-0223-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">-ben publik\u00e1lt cikke<\/a> alapj\u00e1n a K\u00edna d\u00e9lnyugati vid\u00e9k\u00e9n tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 karszt m\u00e9ly\u00e9n \u00e9l\u0151 vak m\u00e1rnafaj, a\u00a0<em xmlns=\"\" class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">Sinocyclocheilus\u00a0<em xmlns=\"\" class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">anshuiensis<\/em><\/em>-r\u0151l tudhatunk meg egy kicsit t\u00f6bbet. A<em xmlns=\"\" class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\"><em xmlns=\"\" class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">\u00a0<em xmlns=\"\" class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">Sinocyclocheilus\u00a0<\/em><\/em><\/em>g\u00e9nuszba tartoz\u00f3 fajok k\u00f6zt vannak amelyek csak a felsz\u00ednen fordulnak el\u0151 \u00e9s kifejezetten norm\u00e1lis szemekkel b\u00edrnak (pl.\u00a0<em xmlns=\"\" class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">S.\u00a0grahami<\/em>), olyanok amelyek a felsz\u00ednen \u00e9s a f\u00f6ld alatt egyar\u00e1nt fellelhet\u0151ek \u00e9s m\u00e1r kicsit reduk\u00e1lt szemmel b\u00edrnak (pl. a homlok\u00e1n kisebb kidudorod\u00e1st visel\u0151\u00a0<em>S. rhinocerous<\/em>), \u00e9s persze van a csak barlangokban el\u0151fordul\u00f3, m\u00e1r eml\u00edtett\u00a0<em>S.\u00a0<em xmlns=\"\" class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\"><em xmlns=\"\" class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">anshuiensis<\/em><\/em><\/em>. Ut\u00f3bbi kb. 17.5 milli\u00f3 \u00e9ve v\u00e1lt el felsz\u00edni rokon\u00e1t\u00f3l, \u00e9s ez id\u0151 alatt szinte t\u00f6k\u00e9letesen alkalmazkodott az alvil\u00e1gi s\u00f6t\u00e9ts\u00e9ghez. Nincs szemlencs\u00e9je, s\u0151t, tulajdonk\u00e9ppen az eg\u00e9sz szeme n\u00e9h\u00e1ny amorf sejtsorr\u00e1 sorvadt \u00f6ssze.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/m.blog.hu\/cr\/criticalbiomass\/post-image\/2016\/01\/sinocyclochelius_1.gif\" alt=\"sinocyclochelius_1.gif\" class=\"imgnotext\" \/><\/p>\n<p>A morfol\u00f3giai v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1st persze sz\u00e1mos genetikai v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s k\u00eds\u00e9rte\/el\u0151zte meg, \u00edgy pl. sz\u00e1mos, f\u00e9ny\u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u00e9sben fontos opszin- \u00e9s szemlecs\u00e9t l\u00e9trehoz\u00f3 krisztallin-g\u00e9n elt\u0171nt (<em>Lws2, Rh2-1, Rh2-2, Rh2-4<\/em>), vagy m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9sk\u00e9ptelenn\u00e9 v\u00e1lt (az al\u00e1bbi \u00e1br\u00e1n a piros g\u00e9nveszt\u00e9st, a lila pszeudog\u00e9nesed\u00e9st, a narancss\u00e1rga mut\u00e1ci\u00f3t, vagy del\u00e9ci\u00f3t, a z\u00f6ld pedig duplik\u00e1ci\u00f3t jel\u00f6l), \u00e9s azoknak a transzkripci\u00f3s faktoroknak, amelyeknek a fotoreceptorok fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9ben lenne fontos szerepe, lecs\u00f6kkent az expresszi\u00f3ja.<\/p>\n<p>A melanin szint\u00e9zisben fontos\u00a0<em>Tyr <\/em>\u00e9s<em> Mpv17\u00a0<\/em>m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9sk\u00e9ptelenn\u00e9 v\u00e1lt, innen az albinizmus, a pikkelyk\u00e9pz\u00e9shez <a href=\"http:\/\/criticalbiomass.blog.hu\/2007\/03\/14\/van_pikohal_tuske_nelkul\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">m\u00e1s fajokban is fontos<\/a> ectodysplasin-jel\u00e1tviteli \u00fatvonal pedig a receptor (<em>Edar<\/em>) mut\u00e1ci\u00f3ja miatt nem m\u0171k\u00f6dik. Az \u00f6r\u00f6k s\u00f6t\u00e9ts\u00e9gben, a bels\u0151 \u00f3ra, a diurn\u00e1lis-ritmus kialak\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ban fontos\u00a0<em>Skp1<\/em>\u00a0mut\u00e1ci\u00f3ja r\u00e9v\u00e9n szint\u00e9n elromlott.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/m.blog.hu\/cr\/criticalbiomass\/post-image\/2016\/01\/sinocyclochelius_2.gif\" alt=\"sinocyclochelius_2.gif\" class=\"imgnotext\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Ugyanakkor, term\u00e9szetesen, a s\u00f6t\u00e9thez val\u00f3 alkalmazkod\u00e1s nem egyed\u00fcl g\u00e9n-elroml\u00e1sb\u00f3l \u00e1ll. Adapt\u00edvnek t\u0171n\u0151 jellegeket is felfedezhet\u00fcnk (ak\u00e1rcsak a vaklazac eset\u00e9ben a <a href=\"http:\/\/criticalbiomass.blog.hu\/2010\/09\/30\/rezgesfigyelo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rezg\u00e9s\u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u00e9s \u00e9rz\u00e9kenyebb\u00e9 v\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t<\/a>): az \u00edz\u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u00e9sben fontos g\u00e9nek (pl.\u00a0<em>Tas1r1, Tas2r, Tast1r2-1\u00a0<\/em>\u00e9s\u00a0<em>Prox1<\/em>) duplik\u00e1ci\u00f3n estek \u00e1t, \u00edgy n\u00e9gyszer annyi van bel\u0151l\u00fck, mint m\u00e1s halakban. Az immunv\u00e1laszban is saj\u00e1tos v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1soknak lehet\u00fcnk tan\u00fai: a term\u00e9szetes immunit\u00e1sban fontos Toll-receptorok szint\u00e9n megt\u00f6bbsz\u00f6r\u00f6z\u0151dtek. Term\u00e9szetesen, egyel\u0151re megfelel\u0151 k\u00eds\u00e9rletek n\u00e9lk\u00fcl, ez ut\u00f3bbi tal\u00e1lgat\u00e1sok ink\u00e1bb csak amolyan &#8222;educated guess&#8221; kateg\u00f3ria, de nyilv\u00e1n a m\u00e1r l\u00e9tez\u0151 irodalmi adatok f\u00e9ny\u00e9ben az\u00e9rt ezek nem annyira mer\u00e9szek. De az majd a j\u00f6v\u0151 dala lesz, hogy be is bizony\u00edts\u00e1k \u0151ket.<\/p>\n<p>(<em>Az els\u0151 k\u00e9p forr\u00e1sa: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/hung-jou_chen\/6847387419\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chen Blair, Flickr<\/a>.<\/em>)<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span size=\"1\" style=\"font-size: xx-small;\"> <b>Yang J, Chen X, Bai J, Fang D, Qiu Y, et al.<\/b> (2016) The <i>Sinocyclocheilus<\/i> cavefish genome provides insights into cave adaptation. <i>BMC Biol<\/i> <b>14(1)<\/b>: 1. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A barlangi \u00e9let k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6s alkalmazkod\u00e1sokat k\u00f6vetel meg azokt\u00f3l az \u00e9l\u0151l\u00e9nyekt\u0151l, akik a l\u00e9tnek ezt a s\u00f6t\u00e9t form\u00e1j\u00e1t v\u00e1lasztj\u00e1k. A j\u00f3form\u00e1n \u00f6r\u00f6k s\u00f6t\u00e9ts\u00e9gben f\u00f6l\u00f6slegess\u00e9 v\u00e1lik a felsz\u00ednen oly fontos l\u00e1t\u00e1s, l\u00e9nyegtelenn\u00e9 a b\u00e1rmilyenfajta mint\u00e1zat, m\u00e1s \u00e9rz\u00e9kek \u00e9s m\u00e1s jellegek v\u00e1lnak fontoss\u00e1 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/?p=8259202\">Egy kattint\u00e1s ide a folytat\u00e1shoz&#8230;. <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,1],"tags":[29,5],"class_list":["post-8259202","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-evolucio","category-uncategorized","tag-csokeveny_szervek","tag-evodevo"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8259202","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8259202"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8259202\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8259202"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8259202"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8259202"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}