{"id":6624805,"date":"2014-08-22T23:10:52","date_gmt":"2014-08-22T21:10:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.blog.hu\/2014\/08\/22\/tuberkulozis_fokaktol"},"modified":"2014-08-22T23:10:52","modified_gmt":"2014-08-22T21:10:52","slug":"tuberkulozis_fokaktol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/?p=6624805","title":{"rendered":"Tuberkul\u00f3zis f\u00f3k\u00e1kt\u00f3l"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/m.cdn.blog.hu\/cr\/criticalbiomass\/image\/post_img\/2014\/08\/seal_tb.png\" alt=\"seal_tb.png\" class=\"imgright\" \/>Mint azt Jared Diamond szeml\u00e9letesen bemutatta\u00a0a &#8222;H\u00e1bor\u00fak, j\u00e1rv\u00e1nyok, technik\u00e1k&#8221; k\u00f6nyv\u00e9ben, az \u00dajvil\u00e1g koloniz\u00e1l\u00e1sa sor\u00e1n az Eur\u00f3p\u00e1b\u00f3l \u00e9rkez\u0151 h\u00f3d\u00edt\u00f3k &#8222;sikere&#8221; sokban olyan mikroszk\u00f3pikus patog\u00e9n &#8222;potyautasokon&#8221; m\u00falt, amelyekre a koloniz\u00e1l\u00f3k immunrendszere felk\u00e9sz\u00fclt, de amelyek ellen a bensz\u00fcl\u00f6tt lakoss\u00e1g v\u00e9dtelen volt (\u00e9s amely folyamat egy kicsit<a href=\"http:\/\/news.sciencemag.org\/latin-america\/2014\/07\/members-previously-uncontacted-tribe-infected-flu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> m\u00e9g mindig tart<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>A Nyugati civiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3 b\u00f6lcs\u0151j\u00e9nek tekinthet\u0151 eur\u00f3pai \u00e9s k\u00f6zel-keleti ter\u00fcleteken, az \u00e1llattart\u00e1s \u00e9s a modern mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1g megjelen\u00e9s\u00e9vel egyetemben, ide\u00e1lis k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek alakultak ki, hogy sz\u00e1mos, kor\u00e1bban csak \u00e1llatokon \u00e9l\u0151 k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3 az emberre adapt\u00e1l\u00f3djon, kor\u00e1bban nem l\u00e1tott m\u00e9ret\u0171 <a href=\"http:\/\/criticalbiomass.blog.hu\/2007\/05\/23\/a_fertozo_betegsegek_eredete\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">j\u00e1rv\u00e1nyokat okozva<\/a>. Az efajta\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoon%C3%B3zis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">zoon\u00f3zisok<\/a> az\u00f3ta sem ritk\u00e1k, l\u00e1sd p\u00e1r \u00e9ve a mad\u00e1rinflueza \u00e9s SARS par\u00e1kat, illetve a jelenleg is zajl\u00f3 ebola j\u00e1rv\u00e1nyt, ahol val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcsev\u0151 denev\u00e9rekr\u0151l ker\u00fclt a k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3 az emberekre.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Azonban a mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1g hajnal\u00e1t\u00f3l, az \u00dajvil\u00e1g koloniz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ig eltelt id\u0151ben, az eur\u00f3pai popul\u00e1ci\u00f3k valamelyest adapt\u00e1l\u00f3dtak ezekhez a betegs\u00e9gekhez (gyakran nagyon is kegyetlen szelekci\u00f3s logika alapj\u00e1n), \u00e9s azok gyakran enyh\u00e9bb lefoly\u00e1s\u00faak voltak a koloniz\u00e1l\u00e1sra \u00e9hes h\u00f3d\u00edt\u00f3kban. Az amerikai popul\u00e1ci\u00f3k azonban soha nem tal\u00e1lkozhattak ezekkel a patog\u00e9nekkel, hiszen a kontines koloniz\u00e1ci\u00f3ja j\u00f3val a mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1g megjeln\u00e9se el\u0151tt t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt, \u00edgy a kialakul\u00f3 j\u00e1rv\u00e1nyok is puszt\u00edt\u00f3ak lettek.<\/p>\n<p>Az egyik betegs\u00e9g, amit &#8222;sikeresen&#8221; import\u00e1ltak az Amerik\u00e1ba \u00e9rkez\u0151 matr\u00f3zok a tuberkul\u00f3zis, vagy g\u00fcm\u0151kor volt. Ezt a <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/em> okozza, ami\u00a0marh\u00e1kat fert\u0151z\u0151\u00a0<i>Mycobacterium bovis<\/i>\u00a0zoon\u00f3tikus transzferj\u00e9t k\u00f6vet\u0151en alakult ki \u00e9s a fent elmondottaknak megfelel\u0151en a post-kolumbuszi \u00e9r\u00e1b\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 leletekb\u0151l\u00a0izol\u00e1lt\u00a0<em>M. tuberculosis\u00a0<\/em>mindig rokons\u00e1got mutat az eur\u00f3pai t\u00f6rzsekkel.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Igen \u00e1m, de sz\u00e1mos Kolumbusz\u00a0<em>el\u0151tti<\/em> korszakb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 m\u00fami\u00e1ban, holttestben lehetett azonos\u00edtani m\u00e1r kor\u00e1bban is a tuberkul\u00f3zis nyomait, ami azt az \u00e9rdekes k\u00e9rd\u00e9st veti fel, hogy honnan ker\u00fclt oda akkor a betegs\u00e9g?<\/p>\n<p>Az \u00faj szekven\u00e1l\u00e1si technik\u00e1knak k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151en most p\u00e1r perui m\u00fami\u00e1b\u00f3l izol\u00e1lt patog\u00e9nnek hat\u00e1rozt\u00e1k meg a genomj\u00e1t, \u00e9s mindenki meglepet\u00e9s\u00e9re ezeknek a legk\u00f6zelebbi rokona a f\u00f3k\u00e1k saj\u00e1t <em>Mycobacterium<\/em> patog\u00e9nje lett, a\u00a0<em>M. pinnipedii<\/em>. Nem pont azonosak azzal, hanem sz\u00e1mos olyan v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1st, mut\u00e1ci\u00f3t hordoznak, amelyek feltehet\u0151en azzal hozhat\u00f3k \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sbe, hogy adapt\u00e1l\u00f3dtak \u00faj, hum\u00e1n gazd\u00e1jukhoz. Mivel az \u00f6sszes vizsg\u00e1lt m\u00fami\u00e1ban ugyanazt a k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3t lelt\u00e9k, felt\u00e9telezhet\u0151, hogy egyetlen zoonotikus transzfer j\u00e1tsz\u00f3dott le i.sz. 700 \u00e9s 1000 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. \u00a0<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span size=\"1\" style=\"font-size: xx-small;\"> <b>Bos KI, Harkins KM, Herbig A, Coscolla M, Weber N, et al.<\/b> (2014) Pre-Columbian mycobacterial genomes reveal seals as a source of New World human tuberculosis. <i>Nature<\/i> doi: 10.1038\/nature13591. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mint azt Jared Diamond szeml\u00e9letesen bemutatta\u00a0a &#8222;H\u00e1bor\u00fak, j\u00e1rv\u00e1nyok, technik\u00e1k&#8221; k\u00f6nyv\u00e9ben, az \u00dajvil\u00e1g koloniz\u00e1l\u00e1sa sor\u00e1n az Eur\u00f3p\u00e1b\u00f3l \u00e9rkez\u0151 h\u00f3d\u00edt\u00f3k &#8222;sikere&#8221; sokban olyan mikroszk\u00f3pikus patog\u00e9n &#8222;potyautasokon&#8221; m\u00falt, amelyekre a koloniz\u00e1l\u00f3k immunrendszere felk\u00e9sz\u00fclt, de amelyek ellen a bensz\u00fcl\u00f6tt lakoss\u00e1g v\u00e9dtelen volt (\u00e9s amely &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/?p=6624805\">Egy kattint\u00e1s ide a folytat\u00e1shoz&#8230;. <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,59,15,1],"tags":[9],"class_list":["post-6624805","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-evolucio","category-jarvany","category-mikrobiologia","category-uncategorized","tag-human"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6624805","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6624805"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6624805\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6624805"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6624805"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6624805"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}