{"id":5373308,"date":"2013-07-02T16:54:05","date_gmt":"2013-07-02T14:54:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.blog.hu\/2013\/07\/02\/a_tengeri_meduzatol_a_fluoreszkalo_menyasszonyi_ruhaig"},"modified":"2013-07-02T16:54:05","modified_gmt":"2013-07-02T14:54:05","slug":"a_tengeri_meduzatol_a_fluoreszkalo_menyasszonyi_ruhaig","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/?p=5373308","title":{"rendered":"Pandora egy karny\u00fajt\u00e1snyira van"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Este, ha lemegy a nap, s\u00f6t\u00e9tbe borul a t\u00e1j, csak a hold \u00e9s a csillagok f\u00e9nye ny\u00fajt valami gyeng\u00e9cske f\u00e9nyt a s\u00f6t\u00e9tben t\u00e1j\u00e9koz\u00f3d\u00e1shoz. Legal\u00e1bbis az ember \u00e1ltal lakott telep\u00fcl\u00e9seken k\u00edv\u00fcl, ahol nem vil\u00e1g\u00edtanak l\u00e1mp\u00e1k. Vagy m\u00e9gsem?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/embed.ted.com\/talks\/lang\/hu\/edith_widder_the_weird_and_wonderful_world_of_bioluminescence.html\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"315\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"560\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"imgleft\" style=\"margin-right: 5px;\" src=\"http:\/\/m.cdn.blog.hu\/cr\/criticalbiomass\/image\/post_img\/2013\/07\/bioluminescence-luciferin.gif\" alt=\"bioluminescence-luciferin.gif\" height=\"448\" width=\"323\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Azt a jelens\u00e9get, amikor \u00e9l\u0151l\u00e9nyek f\u00e9nyt termelnek \u00e9s bocs\u00e1tanak ki, <strong>biolumineszcenci\u00e1<\/strong>nak nevezz\u00fck. A kibocs\u00e1jtott f\u00e9ny energi\u00e1j\u00e1t valamely k\u00e9miai \u00e1talakul\u00e1s szolg\u00e1ltatja, vagyis a folyamathoz nincs sz\u00fcks\u00e9g f\u00e9nyre illetve h\u0151re. A tengeri, f\u0151k\u00e9pp m\u00e9lytengeri l\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00fcl hihetetlen sokan k\u00e9pesek f\u00e9ny kibocs\u00e1jt\u00e1s\u00e1ra,&nbsp; m\u00edg a sz\u00e1razf\u00f6ldi l\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00fcl csak n\u00e9h\u00e1ny f\u00e9nytermel\u0151 bakt\u00e9rium-, gomba- illetve \u00edzeltl\u00e1b\u00fa faj ismert. A szentj\u00e1nosbogarak, k\u00f6zt\u00fck a&nbsp; <i>Photinus pyralis<\/i> n\u0151st\u00e9nyei is f\u00e9nyt villantanak fel, hogy a h\u00edmeknek jelezz\u00e9k holl\u00e9t\u00fcket. A f\u00e9ny termel\u00e9s\u00e9hez v\u00edz, oxig\u00e9n \u00e9s egy luciferinnek nevezett anyag sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges, a reakci\u00f3t pedig a lucifer\u00e1z nev\u0171 enzim ind\u00edtja be. A jelens\u00e9g csup\u00e1n oxig\u00e9n jelenl\u00e9t\u00e9ben zajlik, annak hi\u00e1ny\u00e1ban a vil\u00e1g\u00edt\u00e1s megszakad. A f\u00e9nyer\u0151ss\u00e9g n\u00f6vel\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben a vil\u00e1g\u00edt\u00f3 sejtek r\u00e1ad\u00e1sul egy zs\u00edrsejtekkel k\u00f6r\u00fclvett r\u00e9tegben vannak, s ezek apr\u00f3 f\u00e9nysz\u00f3r\u00f3k\u00e9nt m\u0171k\u00f6dnek. Biok\u00e9miai, sejtbiol\u00f3giai kutat\u00e1sokban a <strong>lucifer\u00e1z<\/strong> riporter g\u00e9nk\u00e9nt felhaszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3, ilyenkor a vizsg\u00e1land\u00f3 sejtekbe vagy \u00e9l\u0151l\u00e9nyekbe egy bizonyos prom\u00f3ter ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1sa alatt \u00e1ll\u00f3 lucifer\u00e1z konstrukci\u00f3t jutattnak, majd ezekben a sejtekben vagy sz\u00f6vetekben a luciferin szubsztr\u00e1t jelenl\u00e9t\u00e9ben t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 f\u00e9nykibocs\u00e1jt\u00e1st vizsg\u00e1lj\u00e1k. &nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1960-as \u00e9vekben az <em>Aequorea victoria <\/em>nev\u0171 med\u00faz\u00e1b\u00f3l izol\u00e1ltak egy aequorin nev\u0171 biolumineszcens feh\u00e9rj\u00e9t, amely k\u00e9kes f\u00e9nyt k\u00e9pes el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edtani. A med\u00faza feh\u00e9rj\u00e9i k\u00f6z\u00f6tt tal\u00e1ltak m\u00e9g egy \u00e9rdekes polipeptidet, amelyik az aequorin k\u00e9k f\u00e9ny\u00e9t elnyelve z\u00f6ld <strong>fluoreszcens f\u00e9nyt<\/strong> termel (a fluoreszcens f\u00e9ny termel\u00e9s\u00e9hez sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges energi\u00e1t egy m\u00e1sik hull\u00e1mhossz\u00fa f\u00e9ny elnyel\u00e9se biztos\u00edtja, vagyis a fluoreszcencia nem tartozik a biolumineszcencia kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1j\u00e1ba). Ez a feh\u00e9rje az\u00f3ta t\u00f6retlen n\u00e9pszer\u0171s\u00e9gre tett szert, alig akad olyan sejt- illetve molekul\u00e1ris biol\u00f3giai laborat\u00f3rium, ahol ne alkalmazn\u00e1k az eredeti <strong>z\u00f6ld fluoreszcens feh\u00e9rje<\/strong> (<strong>GFP<\/strong>) valamelyik&nbsp; vari\u00e1ns\u00e1t (a sz\u00ednsk\u00e1la szinte minden sz\u00edn\u00e9ben pomp\u00e1z\u00f3 fluoreszcens feh\u00e9rj\u00e9k kidolgoz\u00e1s\u00e1\u00e9rt \u00edt\u00e9lt\u00e9k 2008-ben a <a href=\"http:\/\/criticalbiomass.blog.hu\/2008\/10\/09\/nobel_dij_2012\">k\u00e9miai Nobel-d\u00edjat<\/a>). Az <em>A. victoria<\/em> f\u00e9nyszerve (amiben az aequorin \u00e9s a GFP egy\u00fctt megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3) el\u0151sz\u00f6r kalcium-induk\u00e1lt f\u00e9nyt \u00e1ll\u00edt el\u0151, ami azt\u00e1n z\u00f6ld fluoreszcens f\u00e9nny\u00e9 alakul. Prasher 1992-ben publik\u00e1lta a kl\u00f3nozott GFP szerkezet\u00e9t, majd ezut\u00e1n k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 egy\u00e9b feh\u00e9rj\u00e9k fluoreszcens megjel\u00f6l\u00e9s\u00e9re kezdte el haszn\u00e1lni.&nbsp;Hihetetlen sokf\u00e9le azon orvosi illetve biol\u00f3giai kutat\u00e1sok palett\u00e1ja, amelyekben a fluoreszcens feh\u00e9rj\u00e9ket haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k bizonyos molekul\u00e1k, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/lang\/hu\/carl_schoonover_how_to_look_inside_the_brain.html\">sejtek<\/a>, sz\u00f6vetek vagy ak\u00e1r <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/quyen_nguyen_color_coded_surgery.html\">daganatok<\/a> megjel\u00f6l\u00e9s\u00e9re [1].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/XK1Ubcac5Mg\" allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"315\" width=\"560\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A vil\u00e1g\u00edt\u00f3 \u00e9s fluoreszk\u00e1l\u00f3 n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek \u00e9s \u00e1llatok azonban m\u00e1r nemcsak a tudom\u00e1nyos kutat\u00f3k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra el\u00e9rhet\u0151ek. Laikusok ezrei veszik a fluoreszcens&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.glofish.com\/\">halakat<\/a>, nemr\u00e9g ker\u00fcltek piacra selyemherny\u00f3k fluoreszcens selyem\u00e9b\u0151l k\u00e9sz\u00fclt <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/adfm.201300365\/abstract\">menyasszonyi ruh\u00e1k<\/a>, a Vil\u00e1g\u00edt\u00f3 N\u00f6v\u00e9nyek Projekt (<a target=\"_self\" href=\"http:\/\/www.kickstarter.com\/projects\/antonyevans\/glowing-plants-natural-lighting-with-no-electricit\/posts\" rel=\"noopener\">The Glowing Plant Project<\/a>) pedig egyenesen azt a c\u00e9lt t\u0171zte ki maga el\u00e9, hogy lucifer\u00e1zt \u00e9s luciferint termel\u0151 g\u00e9nm\u00f3dos\u00edtott n\u00f6v\u00e9nyekkel kiv\u00e1ltsa az utc\u00e1kon a mesters\u00e9ges vil\u00e1g\u00edt\u00e1st. El\u0151sz\u00f6r m\u00e9g ugyan l\u00fadf\u0171vel pr\u00f3b\u00e1lkoznak, de a c\u00e9ljuk az, hogy f\u00e1k is k\u00e9pesek legyenek vil\u00e1g\u00edtani. Az Avatar Pandor\u00e1ja ezek szerint m\u00e1r nem is tudom\u00e1nyos fantasztikum, hanem a k\u00f6zelj\u00f6v\u0151.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00e1bra forr\u00e1sa: <span class=\"irc_hd irc_iis\"><a data-ved=\"0CAQQjB0\" href=\"http:\/\/science.howstuffworks.com\/zoology\/all-about-animals\/bioluminescence3.htm\" class=\"irc_hol irc_itl\"><span class=\"irc_ho\">science.howstuffworks.com<\/span><\/a><span class=\"irc_dim\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kremers, G.J., et al., <i>Fluorescent proteins at a glance.<\/i> J Cell Sci. <b>124<\/b>(Pt 2): p. 157-60.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Este, ha lemegy a nap, s\u00f6t\u00e9tbe borul a t\u00e1j, csak a hold \u00e9s a csillagok f\u00e9nye ny\u00fajt valami gyeng\u00e9cske f\u00e9nyt a s\u00f6t\u00e9tben t\u00e1j\u00e9koz\u00f3d\u00e1shoz. Legal\u00e1bbis az ember \u00e1ltal lakott telep\u00fcl\u00e9seken k\u00edv\u00fcl, ahol nem vil\u00e1g\u00edtanak l\u00e1mp\u00e1k. Vagy m\u00e9gsem?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[8,95,6],"class_list":["post-5373308","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-biobulvar","tag-feherje","tag-gensebeszet"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5373308","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5373308"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5373308\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5373308"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5373308"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5373308"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}