{"id":5005759,"date":"2008-08-12T21:30:34","date_gmt":"2008-08-12T19:30:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.blog.hu\/2008\/08\/12\/a_neandervolgyi_mitokondrium_titka"},"modified":"2008-08-12T21:30:34","modified_gmt":"2008-08-12T19:30:34","slug":"a_neandervolgyi_mitokondrium_titka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/?p=5005759","title":{"rendered":"A neanderv\u00f6lgyi mitokondrium titka"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/criticalbiomass.blog.hu\/media\/image\/200808\/neanderthal_mtDNA.jpg\" align=\"right\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" \/>Fontos \u00e1llom\u00e1s\u00e1hoz \u00e9rkezett, fajunk egykor \u00e9lt legk\u00f6zelebbi rokon\u00e1nak, a <a href=\"http:\/\/criticalbiomass.blog.hu\/media\/image\/200808\/\">neanderv\u00f6lgyi embernek<\/a>&nbsp; genomj\u00e1t <a href=\"http:\/\/criticalbiomass.blog.hu\/media\/image\/200808\/\">szekven\u00e1l\u00f3 project<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>A napokban megjelent tanulm\u00e1ny, a szekven\u00e1l\u00e1s alapj\u00e1ul szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 <a href=\"http:\/\/archaeology.about.com\/od\/vterms\/g\/vindija.htm\">vindijai<\/a> fossz\u00edlia teljes mitokondri\u00e1lis DNS-\u00e9t (mtDNS) dogozza fel, ami egy\u00e1ltal\u00e1n nem kis teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny, figyelembe v\u00e9ve, hogy a t\u00f6bb mint 16,000 b\u00e1zisp\u00e1rb\u00f3l \u00e1ll\u00f3 genomot kb. 70 b\u00e1zisp\u00e1r hossz\u00fas\u00e1g\u00fa darabokb\u00f3l kellett \u00f6sszerakni (a fosszilis csontokban lev\u0151 DNS ugyanis lassan de biztosan maga is t\u00f6redezni kezd).<\/p>\n<p>A mtDNS-re egy\u00e9bk\u00e9nt praktikus okok miatt esett a v\u00e1laszt\u00e1s: m\u00edg sejtmagb\u00f3l (\u00e9s a benne lev\u0151 kromosz\u00f3ma-p\u00e1rokb\u00f3l) sejtenk\u00e9nt csak egy darab van, a sejt energiaell\u00e1t\u00e1s\u00e1t biztos\u00edt\u00f3 <a href=\"http:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mitokondrium\">mitokondriumokb\u00f3l<\/a> (a benn\u00fck lev\u0151 DNS-el egy\u00fctt) t\u00f6bb sz\u00e1z, vagyis l\u00e9nyegesen k\u00f6nnyebb j\u00f3 min\u0151s\u00e9g\u0171 mtDNS-t izol\u00e1lni. Ugyanakkor, mivel a mitokondriumok <a href=\"http:\/\/criticalbiomass.blog.hu\/media\/image\/200808\/\">csak anyai \u00e1gon \u00f6r\u00f6kl\u0151dnek<\/a>, az mtDNS els\u0151rend\u0171 alapanyaga a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 rokons\u00e1gi vizsg\u00e1latoknak. Most is ilyesmibe v\u00e1gtak bele (b\u00e1r, tegy\u00fck hozz\u00e1, r\u00e9szszekvenci\u00e1kkal m\u00e1r kor\u00e1bban is csin\u00e1ltak ilyent, hasonl\u00f3 eredm\u00e9nnyel) \u00e9s ennek hozom\u00e1nyak\u00e9nt ma m\u00e1r teljes bizonyoss\u00e1gal l\u00e1tjuk, hogy a neanderv\u00f6lgyi ember val\u00f3ban k\u00fcl\u00f6n faj volt. A mell\u00e9kelt \u00e1br\u00e1n l\u00e1that\u00f3, hogy m\u00edg a legk\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151bb emberi mtDNS-ek csak maximum kb. 100 b\u00e1zisp\u00e1rnyi elt\u00e9r\u00e9st tartalmaznak egym\u00e1shoz viszony\u00edtva (z\u00f6ld oszlopok), a <i>Homo sapiens<\/i> \u00e9s <i>H. neanderthalis<\/i> mtDNS \u00e1tlagban 200 b\u00e1zisp\u00e1rban t\u00e9rnek el egym\u00e1st\u00f3l (piros sz\u00edn). (A csimp\u00e1nzzal \u00f6sszevetve az mtDNS-\u00fcnket pedig m\u00e1r 1500 k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9get tal\u00e1lunk (k\u00e9k oszlopok), ami nem meglep\u0151, hiszen ezen k\u00e9t faj elv\u00e1l\u00e1sa nagys\u00e1grendileg r\u00e9gebben t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt, durv\u00e1n 6-8 milli\u00f3 \u00e9ve.)&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Figyelembe v\u00e9ve, hogy az a n\u00e9h\u00e1ny nukle\u00e1ris neanderv\u00f6lgyi g\u00e9n, amelyek szekvenci\u00e1ja <a href=\"http:\/\/criticalbiomass.blog.hu\/media\/image\/200808\/\">m\u00e1r<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/criticalbiomass.blog.hu\/media\/image\/200808\/\">ismert<\/a>, eddig is sz\u00e1mos \u00e9rdekess\u00e9gr\u0151l r\u00e1ntotta le a leplet, ezek ut\u00e1n m\u00e1r igaz\u00e1n t\u0171k\u00f6n \u00fclve v\u00e1rjuk a teljes genom befejez\u00e9s\u00e9t.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span size=\"1\" style=\"font-size: xx-small;\"> <strong>Green RE, Malaspinas AS, Krause J, Briggs AW, Johnson PL, et al.<\/strong> (2008) A complete neandertal mitochondrial genome sequence determined by high-throughput sequencing. <i>Cell<\/i> <strong>134(3)<\/strong>: 416-426. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fontos \u00e1llom\u00e1s\u00e1hoz \u00e9rkezett, fajunk egykor \u00e9lt legk\u00f6zelebbi rokon\u00e1nak, a neanderv\u00f6lgyi embernek&nbsp; genomj\u00e1t szekven\u00e1l\u00f3 project. A napokban megjelent tanulm\u00e1ny, a szekven\u00e1l\u00e1s alapj\u00e1ul szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 vindijai fossz\u00edlia teljes mitokondri\u00e1lis DNS-\u00e9t (mtDNS) dogozza fel, ami egy\u00e1ltal\u00e1n nem kis teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny, figyelembe v\u00e9ve, hogy a t\u00f6bb &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/?p=5005759\">Egy kattint\u00e1s ide a folytat\u00e1shoz&#8230;. <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[30],"class_list":["post-5005759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-homo_neanderthalis"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5005759","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5005759"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5005759\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5005759"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5005759"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5005759"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}