{"id":5005686,"date":"2007-12-18T11:57:23","date_gmt":"2007-12-18T10:57:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.blog.hu\/2007\/12\/18\/hangzavar_5"},"modified":"2007-12-18T11:57:23","modified_gmt":"2007-12-18T10:57:23","slug":"hangzavar_5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/?p=5005686","title":{"rendered":"Hangzavar"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img src=\"http:\/\/criticalbiomass.blog.hu\/media\/image\/200712\/finches.jpg\" align=\"left\" hspace=\"5\" vspace=\"5\" \/>H\u00e1t akkor <i>Foxp2<\/i>, vagyis a &#8220;besz\u00e9d-g\u00e9n&#8221;. M\u00e1r megint, hiszen nemr\u00e9g, a g\u00e9n neanderv\u00f6lgyi megfelel\u0151j\u00e9nek kapcs\u00e1n <a href=\"http:\/\/criticalbiomass.blog.hu\/media\/image\/200712\/\">m\u00e1r esett r\u00f3la sz\u00f3<\/a>, \u00e9s ott hosszan taglaltam fenntart\u00e1saimat is azzal kapcsolatban, hogy pont &#8220;besz\u00e9d g\u00e9nk\u00e9nt&#8221; aposztrof\u00e1lj\u00e1k ezt a szekvenci\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>Mert ugyan k\u00e9ts\u00e9gtelen, hogy a g\u00e9n mut\u00e1ns form\u00e1j\u00e1t hordoz\u00f3 emberek k\u00e9ptelenek a besz\u00e9dre, de ha figyelembe vessz\u00fck, hogy a <i>Foxp2<\/i> az egerek \u00e9s madarak vok\u00e1lis (vagyis hangon alapul\u00f3) kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1ban is szerepet j\u00e1tszik, akkor m\u00e1r aligha \u00e1ll\u00edthatjuk fenntart\u00e1sok n\u00e9lk\u00fcl, hogy az emberre jellemz\u0151 besz\u00e9dk\u00e9szs\u00e9g kulcsg\u00e9nj\u00e9vel \u00e1llunk szemben.<\/p>\n<p>Egy most megjelent cikk pedig m\u00e9g tov\u00e1bb \u00e1rnyalja a k\u00e9pet, er\u0151sen azt sugalmazva, hogy a <i>Foxp2<\/i> a vok\u00e1lis kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3 egy \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos motoros komponens\u00e9t befoly\u00e1solja, magyar\u00e1n a hangk\u00e9pz\u00e9s folyamat\u00e1t \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban, fajf\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/criticalbiomass.blog.hu\/media\/image\/200712\/zebrafinch-foxp2-song.jpg\" align=\"right\" \/>Az emberi besz\u00e9d, pontosabban annak a tanult hangk\u00e9pz\u00e9shez kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 elem\u00e9nek tanulm\u00e1nyoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra, a laikusok tal\u00e1n v\u00e1ratlan m\u00f3don egy\u00e1ltal\u00e1n nem f\u0151eml\u0151s\u00f6ket haszn\u00e1lnak a kutat\u00f3k. S\u0151t m\u00e9gcsak nem is eml\u0151s\u00f6ket, hanem \u00e9nekesmadarakat, azok k\u00f6z\u00fcl is az \u00e1llatkeresked\u00e9sek kedvelt zebrapinty\u00e9t. Teszik ezt az\u00e9rt, mert a madarak \u00e9neke jelleg\u00e9ben eml\u00e9keztet a mi kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3nkra: r\u00f6videbb r\u00e9szekb\u0151l, &#8220;szavakb\u00f3l&#8221; fel\u00e9p\u00fcl\u0151 &#8220;mondatok&#8221; k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00edthet\u0151k el benne. A &#8220;szavakat&#8221; a fiatalabb madarak az id\u0151sek &#8220;mondatainak&#8221; ut\u00e1nz\u00e1s\u00e1val saj\u00e1t\u00edtj\u00e1k el, majd feln\u0151tt korukban maguk is k\u00e9pesek lesznek valamennyire vari\u00e1lni \u0151ket.<\/p>\n<p>Ha azonban egy zebrapintyben m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9sk\u00e9ptelenn\u00e9 tessz\u00fck a <i>Foxp2 <\/i>g\u00e9nt (ami egy\u00e9bk\u00e9nt tanul\u00e1s k\u00f6zben a kritikus agyi ter\u00fcleteken fejez\u0151dik ki), akkor bajban lesz. Ugyanis, mint a jobboldali \u00e1bra is mutatja, a nem mut\u00e1ns t\u00e1rsaikkal (&#8220;shControl&#8221;) ellent\u00e9tben, ezek a madarak (&#8220;shFoxP2&#8221;) k\u00e9ptelenek lesznek a tan\u00edt\u00f3juk (&#8220;tutor&#8221;) dal\u00e1t elsaj\u00e1t\u00edtatni. Nemcsak a &#8220;szavak&#8221; sorrendj\u00e9vel gy\u0171lik meg a bajuk, de azok pontos &#8220;kiejt\u00e9se&#8221; sem mindig megy flottul \u00e9s olajozottan.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span size=\"1\" style=\"font-size: xx-small;\"> <strong>Haesler S, Rochefort C, Georgi B, Licznerski P, Osten P, et al.<\/strong> (2007) Incomplete and Inaccurate Vocal Imitation after Knockdown of <i>FoxP2<\/i> in Songbird Basal Ganglia Nucleus Area X. <i>PLoS Biol<\/i> <strong>5(12)<\/strong>: e321 <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.0050321\">doi:10.1371\/journal.pbio.0050321<\/a> <br \/> <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u00e1t akkor Foxp2, vagyis a &#8220;besz\u00e9d-g\u00e9n&#8221;. M\u00e1r megint, hiszen nemr\u00e9g, a g\u00e9n neanderv\u00f6lgyi megfelel\u0151j\u00e9nek kapcs\u00e1n m\u00e1r esett r\u00f3la sz\u00f3, \u00e9s ott hosszan taglaltam fenntart\u00e1saimat is azzal kapcsolatban, hogy pont &#8220;besz\u00e9d g\u00e9nk\u00e9nt&#8221; aposztrof\u00e1lj\u00e1k ezt a szekvenci\u00e1t. Mert ugyan k\u00e9ts\u00e9gtelen, hogy a &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/?p=5005686\">Egy kattint\u00e1s ide a folytat\u00e1shoz&#8230;. <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[71],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5005686"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5005686"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5005686\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5005686"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5005686"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/criticalbiomass.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5005686"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}